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Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB)

Plants that contain controlled drugs

List of plants and their derivatives that contain controlled drugs and are thus illegal under Singapore’s Misuse of Drugs Act ('MDA').

Last updated 3 March 2026

Plants and their derivatives that contain controlled drugs are illegal under the MDA. These plants include, but not limited to,:

1. Cannabis, Marijuana, Hemp, Gallow Grass

Common Name(s): Cannabis, Marijuana, Hemp, Gallow Grass1
Scientific Name: Any plant of the genus Cannabis
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA: Cannabinol (or ‘CBN’), Cannabinol derivatives including Tetrahydrocannabinol (‘THC’), Hexahydrocannabinol (‘HHC’), Cannabis and cannabis resin

Cannabis, Marijuana, Hemp, Gallow Grass

2. Opium Poppy

Common Name(s): Opium Poppy2
Scientific Name: Any plant of the species Papaver somniferum
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA: Opium, Morphine, Heroin, Thebaine and Codeine

Opium Poppy

3. Coca Plant

Common Name(s): Coca Plant3
Scientific Name: Any plant of the genus Erythroxylum (or Erythroxylon) from which cocaine can be extracted
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA: Coca leaf, Cocaine, Ecgonine and any derivative of Ecgonine

Coca Plant

4. Peyote Cactus

Common Name(s): Peyote Cactus4
Scientific Name: Lophophora williamsii5
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA: Mescaline

Peyote Cactus

5. Caapi, Ayahuasca, Jagube, Yagé

Common Name(s): Caapi, Ayahuasca, Jagube, Yagé6
Scientific Name: Banisteriopsis caapi
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA: N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (or ‘DMT’)

Caapi, Ayahuasca, Jagube, Yagé

6. Cabrera, Calumbi, Carbonal, Cuji Cabrera, Jurema, Jurema Preta, Tepescohuite

Common Name(s): Cabrera, Calumbi, Carbonal, Cuji Cabrera, Jurema, Jurema Preta, Tepescohuite7
Scientific Name: Mimosa tenuiflora (synonym: Mimosa hostilis)
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA: N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (or ‘DMT’)

Cabrera, Calumbi, Carbonal, Cuji Cabrera, Jurema, Jurema Preta, Tepescohuite

7. Chacruna, Chacrona, Jagé

Common Name(s): Chacruna, Chacrona, Jagé8
Scientific Name: Psychotria viridis
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA : N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (or ‘DMT’)

Chacruna, Chacrona, Jagé

8. Sage of the Diviners, Ska Maria Pastora, Seer’s Sage, Yerba de la Pastora

Common Name(s): Sage of the Diviners, Ska Maria Pastora, Seer’s Sage, Yerba de la Pastora9
Scientific Name: Salvia divinorum
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA : Salvinorin A

Sage of the Diviners, Ska Maria Pastora, Seer’s Sage, Yerba de la Pastora

9. Khat, Qat, Kat, Quatt, Qaad, Qhat, Ghat, Chat

Common Name(s): Khat, Qat, Kat, Quatt, Qaad, Qhat, Ghat, Chat10
Scientific Name: Catha edulis
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA : Cathinone

Khat, Qat, Kat, Quatt, Qaad, Qhat, Ghat, Chat

10. Kratom, Biak, Ketum, Kakuam, Ithang, Thom

Common Name(s): Kratom, Biak, Ketum, Kakuam, Ithang, Thom11
Scientific Name: Mitragyna speciosa
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA : Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine

Kratom, Biak, Ketum, Kakuam, Ithang, Thom

11. Psilocybin Mushrooms, Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushies

Common Name(s): Psilocybin Mushrooms, Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushies12
Scientific Name: Any fungus species of the genera – (1) Conocybe (2) Panaeolus (3) Psilocybe
Containing substance(s) controlled under the MDA : Psilocybin

Psilocybin Mushrooms, Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushies


1 Image by Rex Medlen, https://pixabay.com/photos/foliage-cannabis-marijuana-lush-1157792/
2 Image by TheOtherKev from https://pixabay.com/photos/opium-poppy-purple-poppy-poppy-5335601/
3 Image by Danna Guevara - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15059501 Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83658494
4 Image from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Terminology and Information on Drugs, 3rd edition, 2016
5 Lophophora williamsii, including its varieties and cultivars. Also, many different species of Lophophora and species from other genera are now considered by botanists to be the same as/synonyms of Lophophora williamsii. The list below includes some synonyms of Lophophora williamsii:

a. Anhalonium lewinii
b. Anhalonium williamsii
c. Ariocarpus williamsii
d. Echinocactus lewinii
e. Echinocactus williamsii
f. Echinocactus williamsii var. lutea
g. Lophophora cristata
h. Lophophora echinata
i. Lophophora echinata var. lutea
j. Lophophora lewinii
k. Lophophora lutea
l. Lophophora williamsii var. echinata
m. Lophophora williamsii var. lewinii
n. Lophophora williamsii var. lutea
o. Mammillaria williamsii.

6 Image by Apollo - https://www.flickr.com/photos/brindle95/28630979921/ , CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=89237567
7 Image by João Medeiros - Mimosa tenuiflora, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48630260
8 Image by M.Aurelius - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=81851375
9 Image by Olekkerra at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., PublicDomain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3249150
10 Image by Malcolm Manners – Chat or Khat, CC BY 2.0, https://www.flickr.com/photos/10239508@N07/5227791815
11 Image by ThorPorre - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25187129
12 Image from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Terminology and Information on Drugs, 3rd edition, 2016